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Funkcionalna dispepsija (FD) se pojavi, kadar se v zgornjem delu prebavnega trakta mesec dni ali dlje pojavljajo simptomi razdraženosti, bolečine, zgodnjega ali dolgotrajnega občutka polnosti. Gre za kronično motnjo občutenja in gibanja (peristaltike) v zgornjem delu prebavnega trakta. Peristaltika je normalno črpanje in stiskanje požiralnika, želodca in tankega črevesa navzdol, kar se začne po požiranju.
To stanje je opisano kot "funkcionalno", ker z zgornjim delom prebavil ni nič strukturno narobe, vendar ostajajo moteči simptomi.
Vzrok funkcionalne dispepsije ni znan, vendar bi lahko to stanje razložili z več hipotezami, čeprav z nobeno ni mogoče dosledno povezati tega stanja. Prekomerno izločanje kisline, vnetje želodca ali dvanajstnika, alergije na hrano, vplivi življenjskega sloga in prehrane, psihološki dejavniki, neželeni učinki zdravil (npr. nesteroidnih protivnetnih zdravil, kot so aspirin, ibuprofen in naproksen) in okužba z bakterijo Helicobacter pylori, vse te hipoteze imajo svoje zagovornike.
FD lahko zamenjamo za več drugih bolezni prebavil, vključno z:
peptično razjedo
gastroparezo
rakom, povezanim z zgornjim delom trebuha
Simptomi funkcionalne dispepsije
Simptomi FD se razlikujejo od posameznika do posameznika, vendar se lahko pojavijo:
pekoč občutek v epigastrični regiji (pekoč občutek ali bolečina v zgornjem delu prebavnega trakta)
epigastrična bolečina (bolečina v sredini zgornjega dela trebuha)
napihnjenost
občutek sitosti po zaužitju le majhne količine hrane
občutek sitosti še daljše obdobje po zaužitju obroka
bruhanje
spahovanje
kisel okus v ustih
izguba telesne teže
psihološka stiska, povezana z boleznijo
Obvladovanje funkcionalne dispepsije s konvencionalno medicino
Za FD obstaja široka paleta možnih oblik zdravljenja. Ker en sam vzrok bolezni ni znan, simptomi pa se lahko precej razlikujejo od simptomov pri drugih bolnikih, se lahko tudi načini zdravljenja razlikujejo od posameznika do posameznika. Zdravnik vam lahko priporoči več metod za lajšanje simptomov FD.
Nekatere oblike zdravljenja FD vključujejo:
zdravila brez recepta, katera se jemlje nekaj tednov
zdravila na recept za kratkotrajno ali dolgotrajno uporabo
zdravila za nevtralizacijo kisline, imenovana blokatorji receptorjev H2
zdravila za zaviranje kisline, imenovana zaviralci protonske črpalke
zdravila za lajšanje težav povezanih z nastajanjem plinov, katera vsebujejo sestavino simetikon
antidepresivi, kot je amitriptilin
zdravila za krepitev požiralnika, imenovana prokinetiki
zdravila za praznjenje želodca, kot je metoklopramid
antibiotiki, če imate v telesu bakterijo Helicobacter pylori
psihološke intervencije
spremembe prehrane
zmanjšanje uživanja mleka, alkohola, kofeina, mastne ali ocvrte hrane, mete, paradižnika, agrumov in nekaterih začimb
izogibanje velikim porcijam
TKM teorija o funkcionalni dispepsiji
Funkcionalna dispepsija se v TKM obravnava kot pi man 痞滿. Praviloma je napihnjenost trebuha posledica oviranja pravilnega gibanja energije Vranice in Želodca. Sama ovira je lahko posledica prisotnosti nekega patogena, notranjega ali zunanjega, šibkosti ali zastoja qi. [Preberite si kako TKM pojasni prebavni sistem]
To stanje je pogosto posledica:
nerednih obrokov ali neustrezne hrane [Preberi več: Kdaj jeste, je prav tako pomembno kot to, kaj jeste]
pretiranih čustev in stresa
drugih kronične bolezni, ki slabijo splošno energijo in koordinacijo sistemov [Preberi več: 7 navad za obvladovanje kronične bolezni]
Želodec in Vranica sta glavna organska sistema, ki skrbita za prebavo v telesu. Ta sistem je odgovoren za razgradnjo hrane na manjše delce, absorpcijo in prenos hranilnih snovi, ustvarjanje Xue (krvi) in Qi (vitalne energije) iz nje, nato pa odpadke pošlje v nadaljnjo obdelavo. Kadar ta sistem ne deluje pravilno, lahko nepravilno prebavljena hrana povzroči zastajanje qija in kopičenje toksinov. Ko se slabo prebavljena hrana in tekočine zataknejo, se lahko pojavijo napihnjenost, počasnost, zmanjšan apetit ter zabuhel obraz in oči. [Preberi več: TKM prehranski nasveti] [Preberi več: Kako s TKM olajšati "alergijo na gluten“?]
Understanding stomach bloatedness (Functional Dyspepsia)
Functional dyspepsia (FD) occurs when your upper digestive tract shows symptoms of being upset, pain, or early or prolonged fullness for a month or longer. It is a chronic disorder of sensation and movement (peristalsis) in the upper digestive tract. Peristalsis is the normal downward pumping and squeezing of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, which begins after swallowing.
This condition is described as “functional” because there is nothing structurally wrong with the upper digestive area, but bothersome symptoms persist.
The cause of functional dyspepsia is unknown; however, several hypotheses could explain this condition even though none can be consistently associated with it. Excessive acid secretion, inflammation of the stomach or duodenum, food allergies, lifestyle and diet influences, psychological factors, medication side effects (e.g., from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), and Helicobacter pylori infection have all had their proponents. FD can be confused for several other gastrointestinal conditions, including:
peptic ulcer disease
gastroparesis
upper abdominal-related cancers
Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia
The symptoms of FD can vary from person to person, but you may experience:
epigastric pain (pain in middle of the upper abdomen)
bloating
feeling full after eating just a small amount of food
feeling full for extensive period after eating a meal
vomiting
burping
sour taste in the mouth
weight loss
psychological distress related to the condition
Management of Functional Dyspepsia by conventional medicine
There are a wide range of treatment options for FD. There’s no known single cause of FD, and your symptoms may range quite significantly from someone else’s, so the types of treatment can differ from person to person. Your doctor may recommend several methods for relieving symptoms of FD.
Some treatment options for FD include:
over-the-counter (OTC) medications to be used for a few weeks
prescription medications for either short- or long-term use
acid-neutralizing medications called H2 receptor blockers
acid-blocking medications called proton pump inhibitors
gas-relieving medications that include the ingredient simethicone
antidepressants such as amitriptyline
esophagus-strengthening medications called prokinetic agents
stomach-emptying medications such as metoclopramide
antibiotics if you have the Helicobacter pylori bacteria in your body
psychological interventions
diet changes
reduce milk, alcohol, caffeine, fatty or fried foods, mint, tomatoes, citrus fruits, and some spices
avoid large portions
TCM theory on Functional Dyspepsia
Functional Dyspepsia is regarded as pi man 痞滿 in TCM. As a general rule, abdominal distension is due to an obstruction to the correct movement of the Spleen and the Stomach’s energy. The obstruction itself may be due to the presence of some pathogen, internal or external or due to weakness or stagnation of Qi. [Read how the digestive system is explained in Traditional Chinese medicine] The condition is often caused by
Irregular meals or improper food [Read more: When you eat is just as important as what you eat]
Excessive emotion and stress
Other chronic illnesses that weaken the general energy and the coordination of systems [Read more: 7 Habits For Managing Chronic Illness]
The Stomach and Spleen are the body’s primary control of digestion. This system is in charge of breaking down food into smaller particles, absorbing and transporting nutrients, creating Xue (blood) and Qi (vital energy) from it, then send the waste for further processing. When this system fails to function properly, the improperly digested food can give rise to stagnant Qi and build up toxins. When poorly digested food and fluids get stuck, one may experience bloating, sluggishness, decreased appetite and a puffy face and eyes. [Read more: TCM Dietary Advice] [Read more: How TCM relieves “Gluten allergy”]